"Hip dysplasia" is by definition, an alteration in size, shape, or organization of the hip joint.

To further understand the implications, you must know that the hip joint is essentially a typical ball and socket arrangement similar to "ball joints" on a car. When a hip joint is dysplastic, there are alterations in the perfect ball and socket symmetry, i.e.

1. the fit is improper
2. there is flattening of the ball portion
3. there is shallowing of the socket portion.

The resultant "imperfection" can lead to joint malfunction which may lead to arthritic changes. Essentially, the body attempts to stabilize the joint by building "bony" bridges creating "osteo arthritis".

It is very important to understand that it is the end result of the joint instability that is harmful to the animal, not the malformation per se. In young animals, bouts of hindend lameness can occur, especially following exercise, due to muscle strain from misusing unstable joints. However, this does not necessarily mean there is degenerative change occurring in the hip joint, and should not cause panic. Also, many young dogs have a "sloppy" hind gait, that should not be pre-determined as hip dysplasia.

CAUSES

While the main focus of hip dysplasia is centered around large breeds, even cats develop the condition. This would suggest that causes are multifactorial. The best explanation would seem to involve a series of complex genetic factors both direct and indirect. Certain breeds are definitely predisposed; St-Bernards, Newfoundlands, Old English Sheepdogs, German Shepherds and German Short Haired Pointers, to name a few.

Additionally, rapidly growing, heavier individuals, seem more likely to develop the condition. Once the genetic probabilities are appreciated, other factors such as excess dietary calcium, over supplementation, excessive concussive exercise and maintaining inordinate weight levels could potentially influence the eventual severity.

PREVENTION

1. Prevention starts with a background check into familial inheritance. Most good breeders are now aware of this fact, and direct inquiries are generally invited.
2. Maintain optimal Calcium intake. Specific breed diets are formulated to ensure optimal nutritional intake. One of the key growth parameters involves calcium. Nutrience Large Breed Puppy is an exceptional diet for large breed individuals with good appetites.
3. Maintain proper weight. Much has been said about overnutrition and its relation to hip dysplasia. Keep in mind that the genetically rapidly developing puppy has increased nutritive requirements. It is not wrong to feed a quality puppy food, in fact it is preferable, as long as the puppy is not heavy.
   
4. Controlled moderate exercise. Puppies will be puppies, there is no need to confine growing animals. Simply avoid overexertion, stairs, and quick stops and turns wherever possible. Proper muscle development is very important to promote joint stability, hence controlled exercise is suggested. Swimming seems to be an excellent form of exercise.
   

TREATMENT

In early stages, simple rest and pain killers prescribed by a veterinarian, are probably all that is required. As degenerative joint disease develops, a number of surgical treatments may be warranted. These can be discussed with your veterinarian. It is important to realize that "hip dysplasia" itself does not mandate a grave outcome. It is the possible sequela to the condition that can be of significance.

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