Winterizing your garden pond

As the colder weather approaches, koi and other pond fish begin to prepare for the elements. Their activity level drops, and their body functions begin to slow down in preparation for the winter. Koi become less active when the water temperature reaches 70 to 75° farhrenheit. Koi hibernation starts around 60°. Owners need to consider special feeding requirements when temperatures drop much lower, usually around 40 to 50° fahrenheit. When water temperatures drop down to 55°, start feeding Wheatgerm sticks. They contain a higher carbohydrate & vegetable content for optimum metabolic efficiency and minimal waste, conditioning kois for overwintering. Stop feeding when the water temperatures reach 50°. Most fish will become dormant as the temperature drops below 50°.

Stop fertilizing about 6 -8 weeks before the first frost. Hardy plants (hardy lilies, arrowhead, plantain, iris, vallisneria, etc.), will go dormant for winter. Trim off all brown & yellow foliage. This prevents the build up of toxic gases as the dead foliage decays. In colder climates, drop the plant baskets down to the bottom of the pond to prevent the roots from freezing. Tropical plants should be brought indoors before their leaves change color. Keep them in a sunny window or under gro-lights. If space allows, they may be wintered in a tub or children's pool. Water Lettuce & Water Hyacinth require bright light and a temperature of 70°.

Fish may be wintered outdoors if the pond is deep enough, usually 3 or more feet, depending on the area you live in. A pond de-icer and/or an aeration kit should be used to keep a space open, allowing toxic gases to escape. Fish may also be brought indoors for the winter.

Remove debris and clean filters. If the pump and/or aerator are left in over the winter, move them up from the bottom of the pond. Leaving them lower down causes the warm water from the bottom to be brought to the surface. Connect your pond de-icer when the temperature goes down to 30°.